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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 1 9
Chanting only of Chapter 1 by Pujya Swami Dayananda ji
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Bhagavad Gita - Chapter 2 - Saankhya Yoga 46
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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 4 Jnana-Karmasannyasa Yoga 30
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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 5 Sannyasa Yoga 20
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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 6 Dhyaana Yoga 15
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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 7 Jnana-Vijnana Yoga 16
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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 8 Akshara Brahman Yoga 17
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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 9 Rajavidya Rajaguhya Yoga 20
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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 10 Vibhuti Yoga 22
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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 11 Vishvarupa Darshana Yoga 10
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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 12 Bhakti Yoga 16
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Lecture14.1
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Bhagavad Gita Chapter 13 Kshetra-Kshetrajna vibhagah yoga 37
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Lecture15.1
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* श्लोक २१ *
बाह्यस्पर्शेष्वसक्तात्मा विन्दत्यात्मनि यत्सुखम् ।
स ब्रह्मयोगयुक्तात्मा सुखमक्षयमश्नुते ॥ २१॥
So, this person who is being referred to as बाह्यस्पर्शेषु असक्तात्मा | (This is बहुव्रीहि समास )
A person is being referred to- the one who, whose mind is not attached to what is बाह्य(external) i.e. sense objects.
Now स्पर्श generally means touch.
But बाह्यस्पर्शेषु is referring to all kinds of sense objects which are external to you.
So the mango that you must enjoy if you are in India, especially because now mango season is coming to an end. Or interacting with a loved one, or watching a movie, or listening to some music. These are all different sense objects.
The wise person is not attached to any of them.
Not attached? So, suppose you bring a mango will the person say to throw away the mango. No.
So understand this ‘not attached’. Not attached means not dependent on.
If the mango is there, I enjoy it, if the mango is not there, then no problem.
That is समस्थिति: |
And the सुखम् that is gained, विन्दति,
आत्मनि यत् सुखम् |
So the wise person recognizes that सुखम्/आनन्द is one’s own nature.
We find it difficult to recognize it because for us, happiness is conditional.
I will be happy when __________. So, we have certain statements.
I will be happy when- I have peace of mind. I will be happy when- I clear the exam. I will be happy when- I get into a long term वेदान्त course. I will be happy when- my health is top class. I will be happy when- at least one person in this world understands me. I will be happy when- I have a child etc. etc.
We are the ones who place a condition on our आनन्द and then we complain- oh, but I’m so unhappy.
+Quick exercise+
Switch on your video. Switch to the gallery view. Look around at everyone and allow yourself to look at one person. And what we’re going to do is smile for a minute and just extend affection to that person, whoever that person is that you are smiling at.
After one minute…Okay, now how are we feeling?
– Lighter. Happy. Good. Smile is still there somewhat- That’s great. Exposed- yeah, we’re a little self conscious, that’s fine. Connected-Yes. Awkward- that’s fine.
Now. It’s so easy to feel happy. Maybe the problems of your life are still there. And you might have to get to whatever other tasks.
But just the simple act of smiling helps us to invoke that happy self that we always are actually.
Can you see how we convince ourselves that unless this condition is fulfilled, I cannot be happy; I am betraying myself if I am happy.
Now of course one person will argue- Smiling is not necessarily a sign of happiness, one can be fake about it.
Yeah, sure. I’m not denying that.
But this is something you can do. Just to invoke what is already there, you are not creating some happiness and all that. You have not gained anything. You have not lost anything. You just smile. Simple. All of us have been given this ability to smile.
And in that moment, you felt connected, compassionate, lighter, etc., etc. Happy. No great conditions were met. No conditions applied.
सुख- Yes, we have experienced that.
So, I am not dependent on the fulfilment of something.
Yes, of course I would like it to happen. But if it doesn’t happen, I can continue to be happy. I’m not faking it.
So my happiness is not in the hands of somebody else who has the remote control.
And this ब्रह्मयोगयुक्तात्मा,
युक्त: is the one who is together, the one who is a कर्म योगी |
How is that person’s आनन्द?
सुखम् अक्षयम् अश्नुते – the person gains सुख; what kind of सुख is that? अक्षयम्- there is no क्षय i.e. there is no change, no waxing-waning.
So that सुखम् is not born out of your contact with an external object. But it is your very nature सुखम्/आनन्द |
And sometimes when you enjoy the mango, you will be a little more delighted.
And then if there is a sad event, or maybe you are empathizing with someone, then maybe that आनन्द will not be fully manifest.
But आनन्द you are. Limitless. अनन्त |
So this is a good exercise to do to remind yourself that सुखम् is my nature- just smile, whether you want to smile at somebody else or not, for one minute from time to time during the day, just get in touch with what you really are which is सुख |
On the other hand-
* श्लोक २२ *
ये हि संस्पर्शजा भोगा दु:खयोनय एव ते ।
आद्यन्तवन्त: कौन्तेय न तेषु रमते बुध: ॥ २२॥
So there are different kinds of भोग i.e. different kinds of enjoyment/experiences that are born out of contact with sense objects.
And what are they?
दु:खयोनय: | They are the source of pain. Why is it painful? Enjoying the mango is not painful at all. No, it is. Why? Because it is आदि and अन्त, i.e. it has a beginning, it has an end. So before I’m going to bite into the mango, I am so looking forward to it. Then, let’s say it fell down on the dirty ground. Gone, अन्त, ended. Your सुख has ended. So that is the nature of every सुख which is born of contact with a sense object.
So here the teaching is not that do not enjoy sense objects. No. Because this is what people will take away.
The teaching is that one should understand that all सुख/happiness that is born of interaction with something, whether it’s music or fragrance or eating or interacting, all these experiences they have a beginning and they have an end. This is a truth.
And that’s why they cause us pain.
You went to Kedarnath, one of the Char Dhams, and then you got caught up in the crowds. Two years after pandemic, it seems as if the whole world has gone to Kedarnath. So it’s so crowded, maybe you were not able to have दर्शन्, or maybe you did. You had great dreams that when I go to Kedarnath, I will chant, I will do this, I will do that. Then let’s say the pilgrimage happened. Now it’s over. I was so happy in the mountains, the crisp mountain air, and the beautiful waters, and the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi flowing by as we walked, and we chanted, and we felt one with everyone. Now it’s over. Back to the heat of Bombay, or wherever.
So a great, spiritual, elevating experience came to an end.
दु:खयोनि, all experiences are like this.
You sit in समाधि | When you have the experience of समाधि you don’t know that it is समाधि, you get to know only later. But you have an experience of oneness, whether it is physical intimacy, or you are enjoying a mango, or you have gone on pilgrimage, or you are meditating. The nature of every experience is it will begin, it will end. Maybe in two minutes, in two hours, in 20 days, some end will happen and therefore it causes pain.
And so if I am dependent on that object, then you can see how conditional my happiness is. I set myself up to be unhappy.
And so to be independent, and still enjoy all that is there is absolutely wonderful. Because you are not conditioned by a particular kind of सुख |
One teaspoon of sugar in my coffee. That’s it. If that doesn’t happen, my whole day is spoilt.
So like that we have so many conditions.
One person is very anxious about going back to work. Why? Because working from home, I can control all the parameters. Now, when I go back to work, I cannot. So I feel in charge and happy because I can control the temperature, the kind of noise that is present, if I want to log out, log in, but now once I’m back at work, I don’t have so many controls, so not looking forward to going back to work at all. Virtually working from home is perfect.
The wise person, न तेषु रमते बुध: |
बुध:/बुध, we of course refer to a person, Siddhartha. So earlier He was Siddhartha, so Gautam Budha, but बुध the Sanskrit word means the wise person. So it’s not like there’s only one Budha in this world. Any wise person can be called the Budha. So this बुध, not बुद्ध | बुद्ध means old person in Hindi. And not बुद्धू which means foolish. This is बुध | So, not बुद also. There is महाप्राण where you exhale when you bring your tongue to between the upper part of your teeth~ ध not द |
The wise person/ बुध:, न तेषु रमते |
Sense objects are there, not there, etc. Okay, great.
Just like you got a glimpse of the fact that I can be happy as I just smile. I don’t need much to be happy.
Likewise, the wise person also recognizes this to be a fact.
* श्लोक २३ *
शक्नोतीहैव य: सोढुं प्राक्शरीरविमोक्षणात् ।
कामक्रोधोद्भवं वेगं स युक्त: स सुखी नर: ॥ २३॥
So this is also a reminder of some verses which speak of the relationship between काम and क्रोध |
Always remember whenever काम is mentioned in the श्रीमद् भगवद्-गीता, it is talking about binding-desires.
So, who is the कर्मयोगी?
य: – the one,
सोढुं शक्नोति- who is able to master,
What?
काम क्रोध उद्भवं वेगम् |
So वेगम् is the force/momentum that is born of anger.
And generally we experience anger when our काम is not fulfilled. So some desire we have, is not fulfilled, and therefore we are raging.
Then what happens as a result of that?
Then, we don’t know what happens actually. If the force/momentum is so strong, then somebody will become a victim of our anger. The tongue lashes left, right and center, you say all kinds of things. You may also do certain things.
In the recent Johnny Depp and Amber Heard trial, what वेगम् | Or even the recent gun killings.
So the force that is born out of anger. Why? Because you wanted certain things done your way. So you can’t really manage anger.
People write books on anger management.
And you will be more angry if somebody says to take a deep breath. Or if you’re angry and someone says- please have a glass of water, you will want to fling the water on that person’s face. Of course you will not do it, that’s another story. Or maybe the typical solutions- count one to ten, maybe you’ll get some space.
The point is anger really in that sense cannot be managed, but what can be managed? The intensity of your काम |
People don’t focus on that. They will just suppress the anger, but this is what they want no matter what. That’s काम- Binding desire, without this I am incomplete.
And so how do we experience this anger? So physiologically you’re sweating and your voice is raised although the person is two feet away. The person can hear you very clearly even if you whisper but no, you are shouting. And then there is restlessness, you cannot focus.
Suppose you are angry, currently in a fight. Or you are angry about something that happened, let’s say 20 years ago. What happens as a result of that?
You are not the master of your life. That’s the only thing that happens. Why? You cannot focus on what needs to be focused on. There are people around you that need you to respond to them, whether it’s at work or at home. But I am so obsessed with my anger and how did this happen, it should not have happened etcetera, etcetera. I cannot focus, I am restless, I am not available to others. Definitely I am not happy. Whether it is righteous anger or non-righteous anger.
Because a lot of us can have righteous anger- Look at the state of the world today. Nobody is doing anything, etcetera, etcetera. You don’t have to do much to be angry. Just switch on the news channel and watch for five minutes. There is enough and more to make you angry, because there is a lot of injustice in this world, as much as there is justice also. But of course we choose to focus on the injustice and get angry etc., etc.
I am not a master.
On the other hand, for the one who is able to master this वेगम्/force/momentum born of anger related to the intensity of the desire,
that person,
स युक्त: स सुखी नर: – that person is together and is सुखी |
So remember, that सुखम् is continuing from the previous verse.
And he doesn’t have to wait until the end of life,
प्राक्शरीर विमोक्षणात् – so before the body dies away, even before that release from the body,
the person is a कर्मयोगी, the person is a master.
So we recognize the extra effort that is required to counter काम |
How can we make a desire non-binding? कर्म योग |
Right now, this must happen in my life- I must be married, or I must have a partner.
Very binding. Then work towards it.
Offer your कर्म to ईश्वर and learn to accept the results.
And keep improvising, keep innovating. Work towards it.
So then the more you grow in your acceptance, it won’t bother you if it doesn’t work out.
Or you are open to different permutations and combinations of relationships. Earlier you were like- no I have to be married now. But now- Maybe we could do a live-in, or maybe we could do a long distance. But I’m happy to have someone in my life.
So, highlighting that कर्म योग makes you happy, कर्म योग makes you a master.
You are still struggling with a lot of situations. But because of your recognition of ईश्वर pervading the laws of कर्म, because of your growing acceptance of yourself, of others around you, you are a naturally happy person.
ॐ